نشریه بین المللی مطالعات زنان مسلمان

نشریه بین المللی مطالعات زنان مسلمان

بررسی تطبیقی انگیزه‌ها و الگوهای خودکشی زنان در ایران و ژاپن با تاکید بر باورهای فرهنگی و اعتقادات دینی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استاد جامعه شناسی دانشگاه تهران
2 دکتری جامعه شناسی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
تحقیق حاضر پدیده خودکشی زنان در دو جامعه ایران و ژاپن برخاسته از نیروهای اجتماعی و محصول ساختارهای فرهنگی، اقتصادی و الگوی باورها و اعتقادات دینی در نظرگرفته شده است. روش تحقیق تطبیقی-اسنادی و مقایسه ای با استفاده از نتایج مطالعات پیشین و اطلاعات موجود و داده های ثانویه نظیرگزارش‌های آماری رسمی، داده های WHO، سرشماری‌ها و مانند آن در خصوص خودکشی زنان در دو کشور ایران و ژاپن در سه دهه 2000 میلادی لغایت 2020 میلادی است. در ایران مهمترین علت های خودکشی تهمت‌های ناموسی، مشکلات زناشویی، طرد اجتماعی و مهاجرت میباشد اما در ژاپن کهولت سن، بیماری، بالا بودن اعتقادات مذهبـی و فردگـرایی مهـمترین عوامل هستند. در شـهرهای بزرگ ایران خودکشی از نوع آنومیـک است اما در مناطق روسـتایی بیشتر از نـوع تقدیرگرایانه و دیگرخواهانه است. در ژاپن در مناطق شهری خودکشی خودخواهانه و در مناطق روستایی از نوع دیگرخواهانه است. در ایران باورهای دینی و فرهنگی خودکشی را عملی نابهنجار می‌داند اما در فرهنگ ژاپن خصوصا فرهنگ متاثر از بودائیسم و سپوکو خودکشی عملی پسندیده قلمداد می‌شود. در ایران خودکشی بیشتر میان زنان جوان و متاهل شیوع دارد و رابطه معکوس بین سن و خودکشی برقرار است اما در ژاپن خودکشی عمدتا متعلق به زنان سالمند است و رابطه مستقیمی بین سن و نرخ خودکشی وجود دارد. شایع‌ترین شیوه خودکشی در ایران خودسوزی و مسموم کردن و در ژاپن حلق آویزکردن، پرتاب از بلندی، غرق کردن در دریا و هاراکیری است.

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