نشریه بین المللی مطالعات زنان مسلمان

نشریه بین المللی مطالعات زنان مسلمان

فاطمه جناح: نمونه برجسته تعهد به اسلام، مبارزه با استعمار و حمایت از حقوق زنان در پاکستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
عضو هیات علمی گروه تاریخ اسلام دانشگاه بین المللی اهل بیت علیهم السلام تهران
چکیده
فاطمه جناح، که به عنوان مادر ملت پاکستان شناخته می‌شود، نقش کلیدی در مبارزات استقلال و حمایت از حقوق زنان ایفا کرد. این مطالعه نقش او را در جنبش‌های ضد استعماری و ضد استبدادی در شبه‌قاره هند و پاکستان در زمانی که فعالیت سیاسی زنان درآن منطقه کمرنگ بود، بررسی می کند. سوالات اصلی تحقیق عبارت است از این که : اولا عوامل تکوین شخصیت فاطمه جناح چه بود ؟ ثانیا او چگونه بر جنبش‌ ضد استعماری شبه‌قاره هند و سپس حرکت ضد استبدادی در پاکستان جدید‌‌التاسیس تأثیر گذاشت؟ و نهایتا چگونه از حقوق زنان و محرومان حمایت می‌کرد؟ فرضیه این است که پایبندی او به اصول اسلامی، تأثیر خانواده به‌ویژه برادرش محمدعلی جناح، و هوش و تحصیلات بالای او، فعالیت‌های او را به سوی مبارزات ضد استعماری و ضد استبدادی و حمایت از زنان سوق داد. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی تاریخی و منابع موجود به زبان‌های انگلیسی و اردو سعی نموده که دیدگاه جامعی از تأثیرات او ارائه کند.یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که فاطمه جناح موفق شد ضمن حفظ ارزش‌های اسلامی الگویی از یک زن مسلمان ارائه دهد که در بسیج مردم علیه استعمار، رویکرد ترغیب بانوان به کنش گری و مشارکت در امور اجتماعی وسیاسی ، مقابله با استبداد وحمایت از اقشار محروم جامعه نقش مؤثری ایفا کند مجموع این امور از فاطمه جناح یک چهره الهام بخش در خصوص مبارزه برای استقلال، حمایت از مردم سالاری ، دفاع از حقوق زنان و محرومان و در عین حال متعهد به اسلام وارزش‌های دینی ساخته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

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Khan, S. (2015). Islam and Social Justice. Lahore: Islamic Publications.

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Mirza, S. H. (1993). Fatima Jinnah: A Political Biography. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.

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Qureshi, S. (1999). Democracy and Authoritarianism in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books.

Rahman, T. (2010). Islamic Principles and Modern Society. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies.

Rashid, H. (2000). Fatima Jinnah: Mother of the Nation. Lahore: Oxford University Press.

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Republic Policy Journal. (2023b). "Fatima Jinnah's Legacy in Modern Pakistan."

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Rizvi, H. A. (2000). Military, State and Society in Pakistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

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Shaheed, F. (2002). The Women's Movement in Pakistan: Challenges and Achievements. Lahore: Shirkat Gah.

Siddiqui, N. (2005). Colonial Policies and Their Impact. Delhi: Orient Blackswan.

Weiss, A. M. (2003). Islamic Reassertion in Pakistan: The Application of Islamic Laws in a Modern State. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

Weiss, A. M. (2014). Interpreting Islam, Modernity, and Women's Rights in Pakistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Zaidi, A. (2010). Democracy in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books.

Ahmad, S. (2002a). Fatima Jinnah: Her Life and Times. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
 Ahmad, S. (2002b). The Journey to Pakistan, Vol. 1. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Ahmed, F. (2002). Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah: His Personality and His Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 Ahmed, I. (2002). Political Ideals of Fatima Jinnah. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Ali, M. (2000). Politics of Pakistan: The Role of Fatima Jinnah. Lahore: Progressive Publishers.
Ali, S. (2002). Fatima Jinnah: The Mother of the Nation. Lahore: Punjab University Press.
Baxter, C. (2004). Pakistan on the Brink: Politics, Economics, and Society. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Burki, S. J. (1988). Pakistan Under the Military: Eleven Years of Zia ul-Haq. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
 Business Recorder. (2018). "Fatima Jinnah's Vision for Pakistan." Business Recorder.
Business Recorder. (2022). "Dialogue Titled ‘Relations Between Quaid-e-Azam and Allama Iqbal’ Held." Business Recorder.
 Dawn. (2014). "Remembering Fatima Jinnah." Dawn Newspaper.
Dawn. (2017a). "Jinnah and Iqbal in a 'New' Light." Dawn Newspaper.
Dawn. (2017b). "Remembering the Mother of the Nation." Dawn Newspaper.
Haqqani, H. (2005). Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Hassan, R. (2012). Women and Democracy in Pakistan. Islamabad: National Book Foundation.
Hussain, A. (1999). The Political Struggle in Pakistan, Vol. 1. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Hussain, M. (1992). Fatima Jinnah: A Political Biography. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.
Hussain, S. H. (1999). The Life and Times of Fatima Jinnah. Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy.
Jalal, A. (1994). The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the Demand for Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jinnah, F. (1987). My Brother. Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy.
Khan, A. (1995). Speeches and Writings of Fatima Jinnah. Islamabad: National Book Foundation.
Khan, A. (2005). Women in Pakistan: The Struggle for Rights. Lahore: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan.
Khan, R. (1995). The Role of Women in Pakistan's Movement for Independence. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Khan, S. (2015). Islam and Social Justice. Lahore: Islamic Publications.
Mirza, S. (1993). Women in Islam: Fatima Jinnah's Role. Karachi: Royal Book Company.
Mirza, S. H. (1993). Fatima Jinnah: A Political Biography. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
Nisar, A. (2006). Fatima Jinnah: Mother of the Nation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pakistan Today. (2022). "Paying Tributes to Allama Iqbal." Pakistan Today.
Qureshi, M. (2004). The Muslim League and Pakistan. Karachi: Royal Book Company.
Qureshi, M. B. (1999). Fatima Jinnah: The Mother of Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.
Qureshi, S. (1999). Democracy and Authoritarianism in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Rahman, T. (2010). Islamic Principles and Modern Society. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies.
Rashid, H. (2000). Fatima Jinnah: Mother of the Nation. Lahore: Oxford University Press.
Republic Policy Journal. (2023a). "Fatima Jinnah’s Contribution to Pakistan Movement and Democracy."
Republic Policy Journal. (2023b). "Fatima Jinnah's Legacy in Modern Pakistan."
Rizvi, H. (2000). Democratic Development in Pakistan. Karachi: Vanguard Books.
Rizvi, H. A. (2000). Military, State and Society in Pakistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Saeed, K. B. (1997). Pakistan: The Formative Phase 1857–1948. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Shaheed, F. (2002). The Women's Movement in Pakistan: Challenges and Achievements. Lahore: Shirkat Gah.
Siddiqui, N. (2005). Colonial Policies and Their Impact. Delhi: Orient Blackswan.
Weiss, A. M. (2003). Islamic Reassertion in Pakistan: The Application of Islamic Laws in a Modern State. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Weiss, A. M. (2014). Interpreting Islam, Modernity, and Women's Rights in Pakistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zaidi, A. (2010). Democracy in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books.