Muslims Womens Studies(MWS)

Muslims Womens Studies(MWS)

Fatima Jinnah: An Example of Commitment to Islam, Anti-Colonial Struggle, and Support for Women's Rights in Pakistan

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Mohammad reza zare khormizi
Member of the academic staff of the Islamic History Department of Ahl al-Bayt International University in Tehran.
10.22034/mws.2024.718708
Abstract
Fatima Jinnah, known as the Mother of the Nation in Pakistan, played a crucial role in the struggles for independence and women's rights. This study examines her involvement in anti-colonial and anti-tyranny movements in the Indian subcontinent and Pakistan at a time when women's political activities were minimal. The main research questions are: What factors shaped Fatima Jinnah's personality? How did she influence the anti-colonial movement in the subcontinent and the anti-authoritarian movement in newly established Pakistan? And how did she advocate for the rights of women and the underprivileged? The hypothesis is that her adherence to Islamic principles, the influence of her family, especially her brother Muhammad Ali Jinnah, and her intelligence and high education directed her towards anti-colonial and anti-authoritarian struggles and support for women. Using a descriptive-analytical historical method and sources in English and Urdu, this study aims to provide a comprehensive view of her impact. Findings indicate that Fatima Jinnah successfully presented a model of a Muslim woman who effectively mobilized people against colonialism, encouraged women's participation in social and political affairs, opposed tyranny, and supported the underprivileged. These factors made Fatima Jinnah an inspiring figure in the fight for independence, support for democracy, and defense of women's and underprivileged rights, while remaining committed to Islam and religious values.
Keywords
Fatima Jinnah
Pakistani Independence Movement
Women's Rights
Women's Political Activities
Adhere to Islamic Principles

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Zaidi, A. (2010). Democracy in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books.

Ahmad, S. (2002a). Fatima Jinnah: Her Life and Times. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
 Ahmad, S. (2002b). The Journey to Pakistan, Vol. 1. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Ahmed, F. (2002). Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah: His Personality and His Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 Ahmed, I. (2002). Political Ideals of Fatima Jinnah. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Ali, M. (2000). Politics of Pakistan: The Role of Fatima Jinnah. Lahore: Progressive Publishers.
Ali, S. (2002). Fatima Jinnah: The Mother of the Nation. Lahore: Punjab University Press.
Baxter, C. (2004). Pakistan on the Brink: Politics, Economics, and Society. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Burki, S. J. (1988). Pakistan Under the Military: Eleven Years of Zia ul-Haq. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
 Business Recorder. (2018). "Fatima Jinnah's Vision for Pakistan." Business Recorder.
Business Recorder. (2022). "Dialogue Titled ‘Relations Between Quaid-e-Azam and Allama Iqbal’ Held." Business Recorder.
 Dawn. (2014). "Remembering Fatima Jinnah." Dawn Newspaper.
Dawn. (2017a). "Jinnah and Iqbal in a 'New' Light." Dawn Newspaper.
Dawn. (2017b). "Remembering the Mother of the Nation." Dawn Newspaper.
Haqqani, H. (2005). Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Hassan, R. (2012). Women and Democracy in Pakistan. Islamabad: National Book Foundation.
Hussain, A. (1999). The Political Struggle in Pakistan, Vol. 1. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Hussain, M. (1992). Fatima Jinnah: A Political Biography. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.
Hussain, S. H. (1999). The Life and Times of Fatima Jinnah. Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy.
Jalal, A. (1994). The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the Demand for Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jinnah, F. (1987). My Brother. Karachi: Quaid-i-Azam Academy.
Khan, A. (1995). Speeches and Writings of Fatima Jinnah. Islamabad: National Book Foundation.
Khan, A. (2005). Women in Pakistan: The Struggle for Rights. Lahore: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan.
Khan, R. (1995). The Role of Women in Pakistan's Movement for Independence. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Khan, S. (2015). Islam and Social Justice. Lahore: Islamic Publications.
Mirza, S. (1993). Women in Islam: Fatima Jinnah's Role. Karachi: Royal Book Company.
Mirza, S. H. (1993). Fatima Jinnah: A Political Biography. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications.
Nisar, A. (2006). Fatima Jinnah: Mother of the Nation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pakistan Today. (2022). "Paying Tributes to Allama Iqbal." Pakistan Today.
Qureshi, M. (2004). The Muslim League and Pakistan. Karachi: Royal Book Company.
Qureshi, M. B. (1999). Fatima Jinnah: The Mother of Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research.
Qureshi, S. (1999). Democracy and Authoritarianism in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
Rahman, T. (2010). Islamic Principles and Modern Society. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies.
Rashid, H. (2000). Fatima Jinnah: Mother of the Nation. Lahore: Oxford University Press.
Republic Policy Journal. (2023a). "Fatima Jinnah’s Contribution to Pakistan Movement and Democracy."
Republic Policy Journal. (2023b). "Fatima Jinnah's Legacy in Modern Pakistan."
Rizvi, H. (2000). Democratic Development in Pakistan. Karachi: Vanguard Books.
Rizvi, H. A. (2000). Military, State and Society in Pakistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Saeed, K. B. (1997). Pakistan: The Formative Phase 1857–1948. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Shaheed, F. (2002). The Women's Movement in Pakistan: Challenges and Achievements. Lahore: Shirkat Gah.
Siddiqui, N. (2005). Colonial Policies and Their Impact. Delhi: Orient Blackswan.
Weiss, A. M. (2003). Islamic Reassertion in Pakistan: The Application of Islamic Laws in a Modern State. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Weiss, A. M. (2014). Interpreting Islam, Modernity, and Women's Rights in Pakistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zaidi, A. (2010). Democracy in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Books.