Textual criticism, in the sense of freedom in extracting meaning from the text, has made possible various approaches for theologians of the sacred text. Meanwhile, feminist theology has also had various approaches in dealing with the sacred text, from rejection and acceptance to revision and reconstruction. Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza is a Romanian Catholic feminist theologian of German origin who lives in Germany and has a reconstructionist approach to interpreting the sacred text. She does not view the sacred text as a set of data and propositions that must be understood by simply searching among the words, but rather as a system of thought that has its own central elements, patterns, and traditions. In her view, interpretation includes strategies that must be focused on the social and historical situation of the reader and the text, and understanding womanhood from the perspective of the sacred text depends more on the individual's position in the patterns and symbolic order endorsed by the text than on the passages related to gender within the text. Amina Wadud (Mary Tesla) is an American Muslim feminist Quran scholar. Wadud's fundamental premise is that although the Quran does not inherently favor men over women, the dominant Quranic interpretations throughout history, written largely by men and influenced by patriarchal mindsets, have been gender-biased and have falsely created the impression that women are subordinate beings in Islam.